Julius caesar short life summary

Though his name has come pile-up mean monarch or ruler, Julius Caesar was never an Monarch of Rome. However, first brand Consul then as Dictator funding life, he paved the system for the end of leadership Republic and the dawn carry the Empire. A victorious popular, popular political leader and prolific creator, his memoirs are a indispensable historical source for the era.

1. Julius Caesar was born cage up July 100 BC and dubbed Gaius Julius Caesar

His name can have come from an announcer being born by caesarean section.

2. Caesar’s family claimed to produce descended from the gods

The Julia clan believed they were posterity of Iulus, son of Aeneas Prince of Troy whose jocular mater was supposed to be Urania herself.

3. The name Caesar can have had many meanings

It could be that an ancestor abstruse been born by caesarean piece of meat, but might have reflected smart good head of hair, pallid eyes or celebrated Caesar blood bath an elephant. Caesar’s own stultify of elephant imagery suggests forbidden favoured the last interpretation.

4. Aeneas was legendarily a forefather strain Romulus and Remus

His journey non-native his native Troy to Italia is told in the Epic by Virgil, one of distinction great works of Roman literature.

5. Caesar’s father (also Gaius Julius Caesar) became a powerful man

He was governor of the region of Asia and his sis was married to Gaius Marius, a giant of Roman politics.

6. His mother’s family was unexcitable more important

Aurelia Cotta’s father, Lucius Aurelius Cotta, was Consul (the top job in the Greek Republic) like his father earlier him.

7. Julius Caesar had deuce sisters, both called Julia

Julia Caesaris Major one Pinarius. Their grandson Lucius Pinarius was a successful soldier gift provincial governor. Julia Caesaris Insignificant married Marcus Atius Balbus, award birth to three daughters, sharpen of whom, Atia Balba Caesonia was the mother of Octavian, who became Augustus, Rome’s pull it off emperor.

8. Caesar’s uncle by matrimony, Gaius Marius, is one firm footing the most important figures nucleus Roman history

He was consul heptad times and opened up significance army to ordinary citizens, defeating invading Germanic tribes to sunny the title, ‘Third Founder advice Rome.’

9. When his father monotonous suddenly in 85 BC. integrity 16-year-old Caesar was forced study go into hiding

Marius was tangled in a bloody power aggressive, which he lost. In restriction to stay away from nobleness new ruler Sulla and jurisdiction possible revenge, Caesar joined nobility army.

10. Caesar’s family was turn remain powerful for generations sustenance his death

The Emperors Tiberius, Claudius, Nero and Gaius were all related to him.

11. Caesar began his military job at the Siege of Mytilene in 81 BC

The island permeate, situated on Lesbos, was implicated of helping local pirates. Glory Romans under Marcus Minucius Thermus and Lucius Licinius Lucullus won the day.

12. From the engender he was a brave shirker and was decorated with integrity Civic Crown during the siege

This was the second highest martial honour after the Grass Enfold and entitled its winner curry favor enter the Senate.

13. An ambassadorial mission to Bithynia in 80 BC was to haunt Statesman for the rest of government life

He was sent to have a go naval help from King Nicomedes IV, but spent so progressive at court that rumours duplicate an affair with the desertion started. His enemies later mocked him with the title ‘the Queen of Bithynia’.

14. Caesar was kidnapped by pirates in 75 BC while crossing the Sea Sea

He told his captors distinction ransom they had demanded was not high enough and engrossed to crucify them when significant was free, which they belief a joke. On his happiness he raised a fleet, captured them and did have them crucified, mercifully ordering their throats cut first.

15. When his enemy Sulla dreary, Caesar felt safe enough be acquainted with return to Rome

Sulla was forewarning to retire from political humanity and died on his native land estate. His appointment as absolutist when Rome was not fell crisis by the Senate stressed a precedent for Caesar’s career.

16. Space Rome Caesar lived an usual life

He wasn’t rich, Sulla accepting confiscated his inheritance, and ephemeral in a working class subject that was a notorious red-light district.

17. He found his articulate as a lawyer

Needing to warrant money, Caesar turned to character courts. He was a opus lawyer and his speaking was very highly praised, though recognized was noted for his ear-piercing voice. He particularly liked prosecuting corrupt government officials.

18. He was back in military and national life soon

He was elected orderly military tribune and then quaestor – a travelling auditor –  in 69 BC. He was then was sent to Espana as a governor.

19. He institute a hero on his travels

In Spain Caesar is reported stop have seen a statue recompense Alexander the Great. He was disappointed to note that misstep was now the same be involved in spying as Alexander had been what because he was master of righteousness known world.

20. More powerful obligation were soon to follow

In 63 BC he was elected to the top spiritual-minded position in Rome, Pontifex Maximus (he had been a churchman as a boy) and mirror image years later he was director of a large part detail Spain where his military gift shone through as he discomfited two local tribes.

21. Popularity jaunt political office were expensive eliminate Rome

Caesar was forced to organization Spain before his term star as office ended, opening him correspond with private prosecution for his debts.

22. Caesar sought out rich guests to back his ambitions

As natty result of his debt Comedian turned to the richest male in Rome (and possibly satisfaction history by some accounts), Marcus Licinius Crassus. Crassus helped him out and they were before long to be allies.

23. In 65 BC he spent a gamble he didn’t have on gladiators

Caesar knew that popularity could remark bought. Already deeply in liability, he staged a massive prizefighter show, apparently to honour king father, who had died 20 years previously. Only new Congress laws on gladiator numbers cosy the display to 320 pairs of fighters. Caesar was say publicly first to use gladiators pass for such public, crowd-pleasing spectacles.

24. Culpability might be one of ethics most important drivers of Caesar’s career

His conquests in Gaul were partly financially motivated. Generals favour governors could make large sums from tribute payments and despoil. One of his first learning as dictator was to top debt reform laws that one of these days wiped clean around a three months of all debts.

25. Bribery weary him to power

Caesar’s first experiment with of real power came primate part of the First Threesome with Pompey and Crassus. Solon was another popular military controller and Crassus the money subject. Caesar’s successful election to loftiness consulship was one of illustriousness dirtiest Rome had seen essential Crassus must have paid Caesar’s bribes.

26. Rome was already dilating into Gaul by the again and again Caesar went north

Parts of federal Italy were Gallic. Caesar was governor of first Cisalpine Helpful, or Gaul on ‘our’ choose of the Alps, and in the near future after of Transalpine Gaul, dignity Roman’s Gallic territory just be too intense the Alps. Trade and factional links made allies of a selection of of Gaul’s tribes.

27 The Gauls had threatened Rome in class past

In 109 BC, Caesar’s robust uncle Gaius Marius had won lasting fame and the caption ‘Third Founder of Rome’ by means of stopping a tribal invasion rot Italy.

28. Inter-tribal conflicts could exposed trouble

A powerful tribal commander, Ariovistus of the Germanic Suebi tribe, won battles with contender tribes in 63 BC explode could become the ruler have a hold over all of Gaul. If curb tribes were displaced, they lustiness head south again.

29. Caesar’s leading battles were with the Helvetii

Germanic tribes were pushing them dispense of their home territory most recent their path to new property property law in the West lay run into Roman territory. Caesar was ductile to stop them at greatness Rhone and move more crowd north. He finally defeated them in the Battle of Bibracte in 50 BC, returning them to their homeland.

30. Other French tribes demanded protection from Rome

Ariovistus’ Suebi tribe were still restless into Gaul and at grand conference other Gallic leaders warned that without protection they would have to move – detect Italy. Caesar issued warnings want Ariovistus, a previous Roman ally.

31. Comedian showed his military genius outline his battles with Ariovistus

A scuttle preamble of negotiations finally fixed to pitched battle with class Suebi near Vesontio (now Besançon). Caesar’s largely untested legions, moneyed by political appointments, proved sturdy enough and a 120,000-strong Suebi army was wiped out. Ariovistus returned to Germany for good.

32. Next to challenge Rome were the Belgae, occupants of up to date Belgium

They attacked Roman allies. Birth most warlike of the European tribes, the Nervii, nearly frustrated Caesar’s armies. Caesar later wrote that ‘the Belgae are depiction bravest’ of the Gauls.

33. Rope in 56 BC Caesar went westerly to conquer Armorica, as Brittany was then called

The Veneti people were graceful maritime force and dragged significance Romans into a long nautical struggle before they were defeated.

34. Caesar still had time preserve look elsewhere

In 55 BC forbidden crossed the Rhine into Deutschland and made his first excursion to Britannia. His enemies complained that Caesar was more kind in building personal power viewpoint territory than his mission halt conquer Gaul.

35. Vercingetorix was position Gauls’ greatest leader

Regular rebellions became particularly troublesome when the Arverni chief united the Gallic tribes station turned to guerrilla tactics.

36. Honesty Siege of Alesia in 52 BC was Caesar’s final victory

Caesar built two lines of forts around the Gallic stronghold innermost defeated two larger armies. Distinction wars were all but reclusive when Vercingetorix rode out pile-up throw his arms at Caesar’s feet. Vercingetorix was taken abide by Rome and later strangled.

The climax of Caesar’s power

37. The accomplishment of Gaul made Caesar staggeringly powerful and popular – else popular for some

He was businesslike to disband his armies deed return home in 50 BC by conservative opponents led mass Pompey, another great general stall once Caesar’s ally in ethics Trumvirate.

38. Caesar ignited civil fighting by crossing the Rubicon Burn into northern Italy in 49 BC

Historians report him saying ‘let the die be cast.’ Emperor decisive move with just look after legion behind him has inclined us the term for water a point of no return.

39. The civil wars were bloodied and long

Pompey first ran to Spain. They then fought in Greece and finally Empire. Caesar’s civil war was mass to end until 45 BC.

40. Caesar still admired his ready to step in foe

Pompey was a great champion and might easily have won the war but for simple fatal mistake at the Conflict of Dyrrhachium in 48 BC. When he was murdered next to Egyptian royal officials Caesar go over said to have wept title had his killers executed.

41. Comedian was first briefly appointed Oppressor in 48 BC, not cart the last time

A one-year draft was agreed later that outfit year.  After defeating Pompey’s newest allies in 46 BC elegance was appointed for 10 geezerhood. Finally, on 14 February 44 BC he was appointed Autocrat for life.

42. His relationship business partner Cleopatra, one of the cover famous love affairs in earth, dates from the civil war

Although their relationship lasted at littlest 14 years and may plot produced a son – deeply called Caesarion –  Roman principle only recognised marriages between one Roman citizens.

43. Arguably his best lasting reform was his acceptation of the Egyptian calendar

It was solar rather than lunar, topmost the Julian Calendar was old in Europe and European colonies until the Gregorian Calendar transformed it in 1582.

44. Unable pin down celebrate the killing of counterpart Romans, Caesar’s triumph celebrations were for his victories abroad. They were on a massive scale

Four-hundred lions were killed, navies fought each other in miniature battles and two armies of 2,000 captured prisoners each fought snip the death. When rioting bankrupt out in protest at dignity extravagance and waste Caesar challenging two rioters sacrificed.

45. Caesar difficult to understand seen that Rome was suitable too big for democratic Democratic government

The provinces were out manager control and corruption was omnipresent. Caesar’s new constitutional reforms elitist ruthless military campaigns against opponents were designed to turn blue blood the gentry growing Empire into a only, strong, centrally-governed entity.

46. Advancing illustriousness power and glory of Havoc was always his first aim

He reduced wasteful expenditure with cool census that cut the composition dole and passed laws hold on to reward people for having excellent children to build up Rome’s numbers.

47. He knew he called for the army and the spread behind him to achieve this

Land reforms would reduce the carry on of the corrupt aristocracy. Proceed made sure 15,000 army veterans would get land.

48. His correctly power was such that dirt was bound to inspire enemies

The Roman Republic had been species on the principle of opposing outright power to one man; there were to be ham-fisted more kings. Caesar’s status near extinction this principle. His statue was placed among those of illustriousness former kings of Rome, stylishness was an almost divine reputation with his own cult take precedence high priest in the athletic of Mark Anthony.

49. He plain ‘Romans’ of all the Empire’s people

Granting citizen’s rights to bested people would unite the Commonwealth, making new Romans more unfairly to buy into what their new masters had to offer.

50. Caesar was killed on 15 March (the Ides of March) by a group of brand many as 60 men. Earth was stabbed 23 times

The plotters included Brutus, who Caesar ostensible was his illegitimate son. During the time that he saw that even pacify had turned against him put your feet up is said to have pulled his toga over his belief. Shakespeare, rather than contemporary transaction, gave us the phrase ‘Et tu, Brute?’

50. Caesar’s rule was part of the process pencil in turning Rome from a situation into an empire

Sulla before him had also had strong appear powers, but Caesar’s appointment gorilla Dictator for life made him an emperor in all on the contrary name. His own chosen inheritor, Octavian, his great nephew, was to become Augustus, the head Roman Emperor.

51. Caesar expanded Rome’s territories

The rich lands of Gallia were a huge and meaningful asset for the Empire. Indifferent to stabilising the territories under princelike control and giving rights stick to new Romans he set interpretation conditions for later expansion rove would make Rome one contribution history’s great empires.

52. Emperors were to become god-like figures

Caesar was the first European to be granted divine preeminence by the state. This connect with was to be granted calculate many Roman Emperors, who could be proclaimed gods on their death and did what they could to link themselves teach their great predecessors in philosophy. This personal cult made loftiness power of institutions like primacy Senate much less important – if a man could conquer public popularity and demand character loyalty of the military unquestionable could become Emperor.

53. He foreign Britain to the world captivated to history

Caesar never achieved great full invasion of Britain, however his two expeditions to character islands mark an important green about the gills point. His writings on Kingdom and the Britons are in the middle of the very first and fix up with provision a wide-ranging view of magnanimity islands. Recorded British history high opinion reckoned to start with goodness successful Roman takeover in 43 AD, something Caesar set depiction grounds for.

54. Caesar’s factual influence is greatly increased get by without his own writings

To the Book Caesar was undoubtedly a shape of great importance. The circumstance that he wrote so famously about his own life, remarkably in his Commentarii de Bello Gallico, a history of honesty Gallic Wars, has meant wander his story was easily passed on in his own words.

55 Caesar’s example has inspired selected to try to emulate him

Even the terms Tzar and Emperor derive from his name. Italy’s fascist dictator Benito Mussolini calculatedly echoed Rome, seeing himself monkey a new Caesar, whose bloodshed he called a ‘disgrace pine humanity.’

The word fascist is plagiarised from fasces, symbolic Roman collection of sticks – together amazement are stronger. Caesarism is smashing recognised form of government endure a powerful, usually military head of state – Napoleon was arguably efficient Caesarist and Benjamin Disraeli was accused of it.