Jean ayres phd biography

American occupational therapist gleam educational psychologist

Anna Jean Ayres (July 18, 1920 – December 16, 1988) was an American association therapist, educational psychologist and defend for individuals with special requirements. She became known for bring about work on sensory integration (SI) theory.^[1]

Education

Born on a walnut farmstead in Visalia, California, in 1920, Ayres' parents, Fletcher and Louise (Stamm) Ayres, were both primary teachers.^[2] Growing up, Ayres assumed to have symptoms similar be given the dysfunctions she would after study.^[3] Ayres received her B.A. in occupational therapy in 1945, her M.A. in occupational remedial treatment in 1954, and her PhD in educational psychology in 1961, all from the University stand for Southern California in Los Angeles. She began her post-doctoral preventable in the UCLA Brain Enquiry Institute from 1964 to 1966 under Dr. Arthur Parmelee.^[3] She was also a faculty party in the occupational therapy service special education departments at nobility University of Southern California propagate 1955 to 1984.

Ayres wrote two books and more top thirty journal articles. In 1975 she standardized tests originally become public as the Southern California Perception Integration Tests and later revised the Sensory Integration and Folklore Tests in 1989.

In 1976, Ayres founded a private medicine practice called the Ayres Health centre in Torrance, California, where she conducted occupational therapy assessment deed intervention on children and adults with a variety of disorders, including learning disabilities and autism.

Development of Sensory Integration theory

Sensory Integration Dysfunction

Main article: Sensory Unification Dysfunction

See also: Sensory processing disorder

Building on the work of River S. Sherrington and others, she began developing the theory predominant associated intervention techniques of perception integration in the 1950s hard examining the relationship between primacy brain and behavior. By greatness 1960s, Ayres recognized and stated doubtful "hidden disabilities" or "dysfunction impossible to tell apart sensory integrative processes" (Ayres, 1963, 1968), which she later referred to as sensory integrative dysfunction.^[4] She originated the theory just about "explain the relationship between deficits in interpreting sensation from rectitude body and the environment beam difficulties with academic or coach learning."^[1] Between 1968 and 1989, Ayres used tests of epicurean integrative and practical functions hang together children with and without revenue and sensorimotor difficulties. These were originally published as "Southern Calif. Sensory Integration Tests" (SCSIT; 1975) and later revised as "Sensory Integration and Praxis Tests (SIPT; 1989).^[5][6] She published numerous piece analyses of assessment findings delay allowed her to identify rules of sensory integrative dysfunction,^[7][8] which were later confirmed by beat researchers^[9][10] and expanded upon (e.g. in the context of singlemindedness deficit and hyperactivity disorder^[11]).

Sensory Integration

"Sensory integration theory is euphemistic preowned to explain why individuals react in particular ways, plan intrusion to ameliorate particular difficulties, lecturer predict how behavior will operation as a result of intervention" (p. 5).^[1] Dr Ayres defined sumptuous integration as "the organization lift sensations for use. Our powers give us information about description physical conditions of our protest and the environment around underhanded. The brain must organize consummate of our sensations if clean up person is to move alight learn and behave in ingenious productive manner" (p. 5).^[12]

Ayres published protected definition of "sensory integration" lecture in 1972 as the neurological appearance that organizes sensation from one's own body and from rectitude environment and makes it conceivable to use the body efficaciously within the environment (p. 11).^[13] Surprise 1979, Ayres published Sensory Joining and the Child, a complete to "help parents to know again sensory integrative problems in their child, understand what is wealthy on, and do something look up to help their child"^[12]

Sensory Integration Therapy

As an intervention approach, Sensory combination therapy is used as "a clinical frame of reference staging the assessment and treatment deadly people who have functional disorders in sensory processing" (p. 325).^[14] Ayres considered sensory integration intervention "a specialty of occupational therapy" (Ayres 1979, p. 155). Thus, the duty and intervention from a sumptuous integration perspective are most as is usual used by occupational therapy practitioners in their treatment of line with difficulties in occupational operation and participation related to sybaritic integrative or sensory processing pathology.

She developed the intervention providing through empirical research.^{[15][16][17][18][19][20][21]} However, honourableness effectiveness of this therapy possess come into serious question finer recently. Many recent studies enjoy not supported the effectiveness fine the therapy, and studies lose concentration do support the effectiveness rob the therapy have been perform to have "serious methodological flaws."^[22] Many professionals^[who?] hold that Ayres created one of the primary structures for evidence-based practice twist occupational therapy through her suspicion development (Ayres, 1972), model wake up (Ayres, 1979–2005), assessment development (Ayres, 1989) and intervention strategies (Ayres, 1972).^[23]

Sensory integration theory and preparation has been met with stamina within the occupational therapy occupation as well as other disciplines.^[14] A recent review concluded ditch SIT is "ineffective and drift its theoretical underpinnings and fee practices are unvalidated." Moreover, nobleness authors warned that SIT techniques exist "outside the bounds observe established evidence-based practice" and divagate SIT is "quite possible a-ok misuse of limited resources."^[24] These findings corroborate the findings refreshing other studies and reviews be of interest the effectiveness of Sensory Peace Therapy.

Awards and recognition

Ayres regular numerous honors from the Denizen Occupational Therapy Association (AOTA)--including representation Eleanor Clarke Slagle Lectureship, picture Award of Merit, and a-okay charter membership in the AOTA Academy of Research—and was christened in the Roster of Participation. She has been described emergency her students and colleagues by the same token "a pioneer in affective neuroscience" (Schneider, 2005), a "developmental theorist" (Knox, 2005), "one of birth original perceptual motor theorists" (Smith Roley, 2005), "a pioneer conduct yourself our understanding of developmental dyspraxia" (Cermak, 2005), and "an shrewd observer of human behavior current neurological development" (Bauman, 2005).^[4]

She was dedicated to the promotion pageant science-driven intervention strategies leading trim better quality of life type people with disabilities and their families. "Her work made bigger inroads into the understanding be beaten clinical neuroscience, the importance surrounding experience in brain development, honesty role of tactile defensiveness most important sensory modulation disorders as contributors to behavioral disorders, and rectitude impact of sensory registration do autism, among others."^[4]

Death

Ayres died breakout complications of breast cancer finish December 16, 1988.

Bibliography

• Ayres A-one. J. (1954). Ontogenetic principles subtract the development of arm president hand functions. Am. J. Occup. Ther. 8, 95–99, 121.
• Ayres Clean up. J. (1958). The visual-motor responsibility. Am. J. Occup. Ther. 12, 130–138, 155.
• Ayres A. J. (1961). Development of the body keep secret in children. Am. J. Occup. Ther. 15, 99–102, 128.
• Ayres Fastidious. J. (1963). The development get into perceptual-motor abilities: a theoretical underpinning for treatment of dysfunction. Ram. J. Occup. Ther. 27, 221–225.
• Ayres A. J. (1965). Patterns imitation perceptual-motor dysfunction in children: well-organized factor analytic study. Percept. Turn of phrase. Skills 20, 335–368.
• Ayres A. Specify. (1966). Interrelation of perception, assistance, and treatment. J. Am. Phys. Ther. Assoc. 46, 741–744.
• Ayres Straight. J. (1966). Interrelations among perceptual-motor abilities in a group look up to normal children. Am. J. Occup. Ther. 20, 288–292.
• Ayres, A. Document. (1968). Sensory integrative processes boss neuropsychological learning disability. Learning Disorders, 3, 41–58.
• Ayres, A. Jean (1970). Sensory Integration and the Child. Western Psychological Services. ISBN .
• Ayres, Practised. J. (1971). Characteristics of types of sensory integrative dysfunction. English Journal of Occupational Therapy, 25, 329–334.
• Ayres A. J. (1972). Outlook. In Sensory Integration and Scholarship Disorders, Ayres A. J., reviser. , ed. (Los Angeles, Cashier, Western Psychological Services; ), pp. 1–12.
• Ayres A. J. (1972). Sensory Welding amalgam and Learning Disorders. Los Angeles, CA, Western Psychological Services.
• Ayres Unblended. J. (1972). Some general standard of brain function. In Perception Integration and Learning Disorders, Ayres A. J., editor. , faint. (Los Angeles, CA, Western Cognitive Services; ), pp. 13–24
• Ayres, A. Enumerate. (1972). Types of sensory centralizing dysfunction among disabled learners. English Journal of Occupational Therapy, 26, 13–18.
• Ayres, A. Jean (1973). Sensory Integration and Learning Disorders. Fantasy Psychological Services. ISBN .
• Ayres, A. Dungaree (1974). The Development of Sensorial Integrative Theory and Practice: Deft Collection of the Works get a hold A. Jean Ayres. Kendall/Hunt Joint Co. ISBN .
• Ayres A. J. (1975). Sensorimotor foundations of academic role. In Perceptual and Learning Disabilities in Children, Cruickshank W. M., Hallahan D. P., editors. , eds (Syracuse, NY, Syracuse Routine Press; ), pp. 301–358.
• Ayres, A. J., & Tickle, L. S. (1980). Hyper-responsivity to touch and vestibular stimuli as a predictor chide positive response to sensory deterioration procedures by autistic children. Land Journal of Occupational Therapy, 34, 375–381.
• Ayres, A. J. (1989). Centripetal integration and praxis tests. Los Angeles, CA: Western Psychological Services.
• Ayres, A. J. (2004). Sensory synthesis and praxis tests manual: Updated edition. Los Angeles, CA: Exaggeration Psychological Services.
• Ayres, A. Jean; Erwin, Philip R.; Mailloux, Zoe (2004). Love, Jean: Inspiration for Families Living With Dysfunction of Perception Integration. Crestport Press. ISBN . (posthumous collection of correspondence)

See also

References