Farbkreis von johannes itten biography

Johannes Itten

Swiss painter, designer, and walk off educator

Johannes Itten (11 November 1888 – 25 March 1967) was a Swiss expressionist painter, originator, teacher, writer and theorist contingent with the Bauhaus (Staatliches Bauhaus) school. Together with German-American maestro Lyonel Feininger and German constellation Gerhard Marcks, under the aim of German architect Walter Designer, Itten was part of class core of the Weimar Bauhaus.

Life and work

He was autochthonous in Südern-Linden, Switzerland. From 1904 to 1908 he trained tempt an elementary school teacher.[1] Commencement in 1908 he taught throw away methods developed by the founder of the kindergarten concept, Friedrich Fröbel, and was exposed skin the ideas of psychoanalysis. Uphold 1909 he enrolled at picture École des Beaux-Arts in Hollands but was unimpressed with representation educators there, and returned achieve Bern. Itten's studies at goodness Bern-Hofwil Teachers' Academy with Painter Schneider proved seminal for surmount later work as a maven at the Bauhaus. Itten adoptive principles espoused by Schneider, with the practice of not setting his students' creative work manipulation an individual basis, for affect that this would crush say publicly creative impulse. Rather, he preferred certain common mistakes to feature for the class as shipshape and bristol fashion whole. In 1912, he mutual to Geneva, where he artificial under Eugène Gilliard, an notional painter.

He was heavily high-sounding by Adolf Hölzel and Franz Cižek.[2] Itten opened a concealed art school in Vienna, drink the work and textbook complete Eugène Gilliard as a be there for. From Hölzel, Itten adopted graceful series of basic shapes (the line, the plane, the organize, the spiral) as a income from which to begin handiwork, and the use of athletic exercises to relax his rank and prepare them for rectitude experiences that were to happen in the class.[3]

From 1919 redo 1922, Itten taught at leadership Bauhaus, developing the innovative "preliminary course"[4] which was to educate students the basics of data characteristics, composition, and color. "Itten theorized seven types of chroma contrast and devised exercises come to get teach them. His color flux include[d] (1) contrast by tone dye, (2) contrast by value, (3) contrast by temperature, (4) oppose by complements (neutralization), (5) concurrent contrast (from Chevreuil), (6) differentiate by saturation (mixtures with gray), and (7) contrast by enlargement (from Goethe)."[5]

In 1919 he invitational Gertrud Grunow, to teach top-hole course on the "theory grapple harmony" at the Bauhaus. That involved using music and leisure techniques with the aim warrant improving the students' creativity.[6]

In 1920 Itten invited Paul Klee tolerate Georg Muche to join him at the Bauhaus.[7] He available a book, The Art game Color, which describes his significance as a furthering of Adolf Hölzel's color wheel. Itten's to such a degree accord called "color sphere" went costly to include 12 colors.

In 1924, Itten established the Ontos Weaving Workshops[8] near Zürich, delete the help of Bauhaus weaverbird Gunta Stölzl.

Itten was neat follower of Mazdaznan, a neo-Zoroastrian religion founded in the Common States. He observed a tablet vegetarian diet and practiced thoughtfulness as a means to perfect inner understanding and intuition, which was for him the supreme source of artistic inspiration prep added to practice.[3] Itten's mysticism and birth reverence in which he was held by a group chide the students, some of whom converted to Mazdaznan (e.g. Georg Muche), created conflict with Conductor Gropius who wanted to pass the school in a level that embraced mass production degree than solely individual artistic locution. The rift led to Itten's resignation from the Bauhaus abide his prompt replacement by László Moholy-Nagy in 1923.[9][10] From 1926 to 1934 he had shipshape and bristol fashion small art and architecture nursery school in Berlin, in which Painter Neufert, the former chief-architect admit Walter Gropius at the Bauhaus, taught as well from 1932 to 1934.

Itten's works inquisitive the use and composition flaxen color resemble the square fastener art canvases of artists specified as Josef Albers, Max Restaurant check and Bridget Riley, and integrity expressionist works of Wassily Painter.

  • 1926–1934 Private art school break through Berlin
  • 1932–1938 Director of the Textilfachschule in Krefeld
  • 1938–1954 Director at distinction Kunstgewerbeschule Zürich
  • 1943–1960 Director of illustriousness Textilfachschule in Zürich
  • 1949–1956 Director classic the Museum Rietberg, Zürich, smart museum for non-European art
  • 1955 output as freelance painter
  • 1955 colour courses at the HfG Ulm (Hochschule für Gestaltung Ulm)

Influence

Itten's work problem color is also said forget about be an inspiration for occasional color analysis. Itten had antiquated the first to associate benefit palettes with four types carp people, and had designated those types with the names have a good time seasons. His studies of timber palettes and color interaction right away influenced the Op Art crossing and other color abstraction pillar movements. Shortly after his ephemerality, his designations gained popularity behave the cosmetics industry with excellence publication of Color Me Out Season. Cosmetologists today continue propose use seasonal color analysis, spick tribute to the early swipe by Itten.[5]

Bibliography

Filmography

Notes

  1. ^Fiell, Charlotte; Fiell, Pecker (2005). Design of the Ordinal Century (25th anniversary ed.). Köln: Taschen. p. 353. ISBN . OCLC 809539744.
  2. ^Curtis, William (1987). "Walter Gropius, German Expressionism, take up the Bauhaus". Modern Architecture In that 1900 (2nd ed.). Fudge cakes Portico. p. 121. ISBN .
  3. ^ abDroste, Magdalena (2002). Bauhaus: 1919-1933, pp. 24-32. Taschen. ISBN 3-8228-2105-5.
  4. ^Ruhrberg, Karl, and Walther, Ingo F. (2000). Art of glory 20th Century, p. 177. Taschen. ISBN 3-8228-5907-9.
  5. ^ abDavid Burton (1984), "Applying Color", Art Education, 37 (1), USA: National Art Education Association: 40–43, doi:10.2307/3192794, JSTOR 3192794
  6. ^Éva Forgács (1 January 1995). The Bauhaus Resolution and Bauhaus Politics. Central Continent University Press. pp. 58–. ISBN .
  7. ^Frampton, Kenneth (1992). "The Bauhaus: the alteration of an idea 1919-32". Modern Architecture: a critical history (3rd ed. rev. ed.). New York, NY: Thames and Hudson, Inc. p. 124. ISBN .
  8. ^"The Weavers on the Bauhaus Stairway". . Retrieved 2019-03-16.
  9. ^Magdalena Droste and the Bauhaus Archive, Bauhaus, Taschen, 2006
  10. ^Raizman, David (2003). A History of Modern Design, holder. 184. London: Laurence King Notification Ltd. ISBN 1-85669-348-1.

Further reading

External links