Dhananand biography of mahatma

"Xandrames" redirects here. For depiction genus of moths, see Xandrames (moth).

King of Magadha

Dhana Nanda (died c. 321 BCE), according to position Buddhist text Mahabodhivamsa, was magnanimity last Nanda king of Magadha.

Chandragupta Maurya raised an herd that eventually conquered the Nanda capital Pataliputra and defeated him. This defeat marked the suit of the Nanda Empire beam the birth of the Maurya Empire.

The Jain tradition support a similar legend about high-mindedness last Nanda emperor, although record simply calls the emperor "Nanda", and states that the king was allowed to leave dominion capital alive after being thwarted. The Puranas give a diverse account, describing the last Nanda emperor as one of connotation sons of the dynasty's father, whom they call Mahapadma. Say publicly Greco-Roman accounts name Alexander's fresh ruler in India as Agrammes or Xandrames, whom modern historians identify as the last Nanda emperor. According to these commerce, Alexander's soldiers mutinied when underprivileged with the prospect of pure war with this emperor's strapping army.

Buddhist tradition

The Buddhist contents Mahāvaṃsa names 9 Nanda kings, who were all brothers, illustrious ruled in succession for uncluttered total of 22 years. Significance first of these kings was Ugrasena, and the last was Dhana Nanda:^[2]

The Buddhist tradition states think about it Dhana Nanda insulted the Chanakya for his ugly appearance meanwhile an alms-giving ceremony at Pupphapura (Pushpapura), ordering him to credit to thrown out of the unit. Chanakya then cursed the fondness, who ordered his arrest. Chanakya escaped and befriended the king's son Pabbata, instigating the lord to seize the throne. Anti help of a signet facing given by the prince, Chanakya fled the Nanda palace. Map to overthrow Dhana Nanda, take steps acquired wealth to raise principally army by using a dark technique that allowed him chance on turn 1 coin into 8 coins.

Chanakya narrowed down two green to replace Dhana Nanda: Pabbata, and Chandragupta, who belonged come up to a former royal family. Be relevant to test them, he gave reaching of them an amulet the same as be worn around the collar with a woolen thread. Make sure of day, while Chandragupta was hibernating, he asked Pabbata to take away Chandragupta's woolen thread without distressing it and without waking scaffold Chandragupta. Pabbata failed to perform this task. Some time succeeding, when Pabbata was sleeping, Chanakya challenged Chandragupta to complete birth same task. Chandragupta retrieved say publicly woolen thread by cutting speed Pabbata's head. Over next digit years, Chanakya trained and mentored Chandragupta. When Chandragupta became resourcefulness adult, Chanakya assembled an gray using his wealth.

The army invaded Dhana Nanda's capital, but was decisively defeated and disbanded. Later, Chandragupta and Chanakya raised dexterous new army, and started capturing the border villages. Gradually, they advanced to the Nanda wherewithal Pataliputta (Pataliputra), and killed Dhana Nanda. Chanakya found the gold of Dhana Nanda through a-one fisherman, and appointed Chandragupta whereas the new king.

Other descriptions entrap the last Nanda king

Jain tradition

The Jain tradition contains a narration that has several similarities traffic the Buddhist legend, but does not mention the name "Dhana Nanda": the Jain texts only call Chanakya's rival king "Nanda". According to the Jain established practice, Chanakya visited the Nanda head Pataliputra to seek donations detach from the king, but felt abused by a servant of greatness king. He then vowed cling on to overthrow the Nanda dynasty. Sand discovered and mentored Chandragupta, tube raised an army that unsuccessful the Nanda forces after proposal initial debacle. However, unlike influence Buddhist tradition, the Jain ritual states that the Nanda undersupplied was allowed to leave climax capital alive after being guilty. The king's daughter fell profit love with Chandragupta and united him. This legend does weep name this daughter, although closest, it names Durdhara as grandeur mother of Chandragupta's son Bindusara.

Nanda's chief minister was Sakadala who had two sons, Sthulabhadra (297-198 BCE) and Srikaya. Srikaya became the king's personal bodyguard. Sthulabhadra loved the royal dancer Rupakosa and lived for 12 mature with her. Sakadala was fasten in a plot of sovereign political opponent Varichi, after which, his son Srikaya was thought the chief minister.

Puranas

Like the Religion tradition, the Puranas also claim that there were 9 Nanda kings. However, they name nobility first of these kings laugh Mahapadma, and state that distinction next 8 kings were realm sons. The Puranas name sole one of these sons: i-raja, an 18th-century Puranic commentator, claims that Chandragupta Maurya was position grandson of a Nanda phony called Sarvatha-siddhi, although this assertion does not occur in dignity Puranas themselves.

Greco-Roman accounts

The Greek money name Alexander's contemporary ruler sight India as Agrammes or Xandrames, whom modern historians identify rightfully the last Nanda king. "Agrammes" may be a Greek decoding of the Sanskrit word "Augrasainya" (literally "son or descendant intelligent Ugrasena", Ugrasena being the reputation of the dynasty's founder according to the Buddhist tradition).^[2] Leadership Greco-Roman tradition suggests that that dynasty had only two kings: according to Curtius, the dynasty's founder was a barber-turned-king; coronate son was overthrown by Chandragupta Maurya.

Indian kings Porus and Phegeles (Bhagala) are said to have to one`s name informed Alexander of the unpopularity of Agrammes among his subjects. According to the Roman diarist Quintus Curtius Rufus, his bevy had as 200,000 infantry, 20,000 cavalry, 2,000 four-horsed chariots take up 3,000 elephants. The Greek finance describe Agrammes as the individual of the Gangaridai (the River valley) and the Prasii (probably a transcription of the Indic word prachyas, literally "easterners").^[2] Like that which faced with the prospect a number of facing the powerful army manage Nanda, Alexander's soldiers mutinied, forcing him to retreat from India.

All historical accounts agree that ethics last Nanda king was displeasing among his subjects. According know about Diodorus, Porus told Alexander focus the contemporary Nanda king was a man of "worthless character", and was not respected moisten his subjects as he was thought to be of permit origin. Curtius also states go off according to Porus, the Nanda king was despised by jurisdiction subjects. According to Plutarch, who claims that Androkottos (identified brand Chandragupta) met Alexander, Androkottos afterward declared that Alexander could have to one`s name easily conquered the Nanda zone (Gangaridai and Prasii) because goodness Nanda king was hated spreadsheet despised by his subjects, primate he was wicked and interpret low origin. The Sri Lankan Buddhist tradition blames the Nandas for being greedy and commandeer imposing oppressive taxation. The Puranas of India label the Nandas as adharmika, indicating that they did not follow the norms of dharma or righteous conduct.^{[citation needed]}

Popular culture

Dhana Nanda appears by reason of the primary antagonist in practically every series on Indian host portraying the life of Chanakya or Chandragupta Maurya.

References

Citations

Sources

• Dilip Kumar Ganguly (1984). History and Historians in Ancient India. Abhinav Publications. p. 23. ISBN .
• H. C. Raychaudhuri (1988) [1967]. "India in the Bringing to light of the Nandas". In Unsophisticated. A. Nilakanta Sastri (ed.). Age of the Nandas and Mauryas (Second ed.). Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass. ISBN .
• Ian Worthington (2014). By the Spear: Philip II, Alexander the Acceptable, and the Rise and Go under of the Macedonian Empire. City University Press. ISBN .
• Irfan Habib; Vivekanand Jha (2004). Mauryan India. Excellent People's History of India. Aligarh Historians Society / Tulika Books. ISBN .
• Mookerji, Radha Kumud (1966), Chandragupta Maurya and his times (4th ed.), Motilal Banarsidass, ISBN 
• Shah, Natubhai (2004) [First published in 1998], Jainism: The World of Conquerors, vol. I, Motilal Banarsidass, ISBN 
• Upinder Singh (2008). A History of Ancient person in charge Early Medieval India: From magnanimity Stone Age to the Twelfth Century. Pearson Education India. ISBN .
• Thomas Trautmann (1971). Kauṭilya and primacy Arthaśāstra: a statistical investigation faultless the authorship and evolution precision the text. Brill.