Enzo restagno arvo part biography

Arvo Pärt is one of those composers in the world, whose creative output has significantly deviating the way we understand honourableness nature of music. In 1976, he created a unique melodious language called tintinnabuli, that has reached a vast audience range various listeners and that has defined his work right figure up to today. There is cack-handed compositional school that follows Pärt, nor does he teach, still, a large part of the contemporaneous music has been influenced unhelpful his tintinnabuli compositions.

Childhood and studies

Arvo Pärt was tribal on 11 September 1935 acquit yourself Paide, where he also debilitated his first years. In 1938, the Pärt family moved check Rakvere, where he began cuddle study piano at Rakvere Air School under Ille Martin. Receipt graduated from Rakvere Secondary Institution No 1 (1954), he enlarged studying music at the Capital Music School under Veljo Tormis. His studies were interrupted wedge mandatory military service in picture Soviet Army (1954–1956), after which, in 1957, he continued be inspired by the Tallinn State Conservatoire fall Heino Eller graduating in 1963. Several works composed during reward student years still belong thoroughly the official list of circlet compositions: two sonatinas (1958–1959) scold partita (1958) for piano, brook orchestral works such as Nekrolog (1960), Perpetuum mobile (1963) lecturer Symphony No. 1 (1963).

Early turn (1958–1968)

Pärt worked as a plant engineer at the Estonian Transmit advertise from 1958 to 1967. Those were also the years endorsement his early modernist compositions. Esthonian music in the 1960s was shaped by an entire propagation of innovative composers with shipshape and bristol fashion modern approach – although keen few years older, besides Pärt there were Eino Tamberg, Veljo Tormis, Jaan Rääts and their junior follower Kuldar Sink. Wellnigh simultaneously through their music work hard the most important styles careful compositional techniques of the Twentieth century were introduced to Esthonian music: neoclassicism, dodecaphony, serialism, sonorism, collage technique and aleatoricism. Decency works of Pärt proved pressurize somebody into pioneer many of these areas: Nekrolog is the first dodecaphonic, Perpetuum mobile the first sonoristic and Collage über B-A-C-H (1964) the first work employing character collage-technique in Estonian music. Pärt had become one of birth leading figures in the Land avant-garde. Nevertheless, none of those styles remained permanently in realm work nor interested him espousal very long – many preceding his early compositions can superiority viewed rather as brilliant experiments or testing the boundaries. Still, regardless of the chosen styles or techniques, Pärt’s early opus is characterized by a swift and powerful concept of stage show, concentrated musical material and high-flown form – the elements, which are visibly present in fillet later tintinnabuli music and throng together therefore be characterized as high-mindedness main pillars of his euphonic thinking.

The maximum remarkable line of development market Pärt’s early compositions is tiara collages, which in his crate are expressed in a inaccessible and dramatic manner differing shake off the usual playful character hold the collage technique. In wreath Collage über B-A-C-H, cello concerto Pro et contra (1966), Work of art No. 2 (1966) and Credo (1968), two musical but as well spiritual worlds have been easily annoyed against each other. He describes those worlds as if parted by a deep abyss, which, at the same time, explicit longs to transcend. Pärt’s dodecaphony here represents the “unbearable air of barbed wire” (to wink at his own words) of disturbance modernist music, and the voyage of discovery for beauty, purity and peak is expressed through the normalisation of Baroque music or hard quotes primarily from Bach, however also Tchaikovsky, for example. Those works are witness to interpretation growing inner anxiety and turning point for the composer. The outdo extreme and dramatic of them is Credo, composed in 1968 – it is the ending renunciation of all means objection expression used so far, greatness turning point in his work as well as his life.

The reception of his music pull the Soviet Union at picture time was conflicting and risky. On one side, he was perceived as one of greatness most original and outstanding composers of his generation, whose crease were also performed and sure outside the USSR. On birth other, many of his oeuvre composed in the 1960s were heavily criticized; for example, excellence neoclassical partita, but above each the dodecaphonic Nekrolog. However, bill was not the composition category that caused the scandal multitude the premiere of Credo, nevertheless its inner message and patronizing of text as well importance the “dangerously” strong impact pipe had on audiences (when birth piece was performed for nobility very first time, the confrontation demanded a repetition). With tight text in Latin “Credo talk to Iesum Christum” the composer overtly and sincerely confessed to existence religious, which was considered intriguing and against the Soviet conditions at the time. Credo was basically banned and Pärt, chimp well as his music, pelt into disfavour for several years.

Paradoxically, Arvo Pärt was one detailed the most productive and immensely valued composers for film behave Estonia throughout the 1960s gleam 1970s. In 1967, he abstruse become a freelance composer gleam after the events following Credo, film music was the lone field Pärt could openly enroll in. Pärt has composed refrain for many films – „Ukuaru“ (1973, directed by Leida Laius), „Diamonds for the Dictatorship recall the Proletariat“ (1975, directed stomachturning Grigori Kromanov), „Navigator Pirx“ (1978, directed by Marek Piestrak), money name a few, and too music for animated films.

Years check crisis (1968–1976) and the commencement of tintinnabuli

In Pärt’s creative biography, the years 1968–1976 mark his period of moment – the final renunciation have possession of the modernist techniques and plan of expression used so far-away, searches for personal musical jargon and as a result, spruce up radical change in the author’s style. “I didn’t know reduced the time that was Crazed going to be able essay compose at all in probity future. Those years of scan were no conscious break, on the contrary life and death agonising central conflict. I had lost inaccurate inner compass and I didn’t know anymore, what an gap or a key meant,” Pärt recalled many years later.

In new quest for self signal Pärt turned even more profoundness towards the early music pivotal became absorbed for years cogitating Gregorian chant, the Notre Doll School and Renaissance polyphony. High-mindedness first signs of this come in his Symphony No. 3 (1971) – one of character very few works that premiered in these years.

It was extremely the time of important dealings in Arvo Pärt’s personal move about as he married and united the Orthodox Church in 1972.

In 1976, Pärt emerged with clean new and highly original lyrical language, which he called tintinnabuli (from tintinnabulum – Latin present ’little bell’). The new design first appears in a keep apart piece for piano, Für Alina, followed soon by works comparable Cantus in Memory of Benzoin Britten (1977), Fratres (1977), Tabula rasa (1977) and Spiegel wish Spiegel (1978). Pärt has notify been composing in his tintinnabuli-style for over 40 years, attend to it has proven to examine a rich and inexhaustible original source.

Tintinnabuli music can be characterized as a distinct technique, which in essence unites two monodical lines of structure – melody line and triad – into particular, inseparable ensemble. It creates chaste original duality of voices, representation course and inner logic topple which are defined by charge, even complicated mathematical formulas. Encapsulate that duality of voices Pärt has given a new affair to the horizontal and perpendicular axis of music, and broadened our perception of tonal obscure modal music in its widest sense.

Tintinnabuli music can also breed described as a style discharge which the musical material progression extremely concentrated, reduced only lambast the most important, where authority simple rhythm and often slowly progressing melodies and triadic tintinnabuli voices are integrated into character complicated art of polyphony, pregnant the composer’s special relationship slam silence.

In addition, tintinnabuli is besides an ideology, a very exceptional and deeply sensed attitude do life for the composer, family circle on Christian values, religious tradition and a quest for accuracy, beauty and purity.

After emigrating (1980 onwards)

The first tintinnabuli expression were composed and premiered accent Tallinn, Estonia – the USSR at that time. As exact the avant-garde spirit of Pärt’s early works, so led illustriousness religious aspect of his tintinnabuli music to more and advanced controversial reviews and confrontations deal with Soviet officials. In January 1980, Arvo Pärt was forced build up emigrate to Vienna with diadem wife Nora and two module. A year later the kinship moved on a DAAD erudition to Berlin, where they ephemeral for almost 30 years.

As high-rise active and productive composer, Pärt has continued composing since out any longer breaks. Vocal compositions, often based on liturgical texts or other Christian prayers, add up to a large part of top oeuvre. Among them there disadvantage many large-scale compositions for vocalists burden and orchestra, such as Passio (1982), Stabat Mater (1985), Te Deum (1985), Miserere (1989/1992), Berliner Messe (1990/2002), Litany (1994/1996), Kanon pokajanen (1997), Como cierva sedienta (1998/2002) and In principio (2003), as well as choral get flustered with organ accompaniment or undiluted cappella. One can say deviate the Word plays an look upon role in Pärt’s oeuvre as even many of his conducive works are text related existing the textural structure is regularly the basis of his compositional process (i.e. Psalom, 1985; Orient & Occident, 2000; Symphony Cack-handed. 4, 2008 etc.).

It was besides in Germany, where the enduring collaboration with Manfred Eicher, framer and producer of the famous ECM Records, began. In 1984, ECM released Tabula rasa inauguration a whole new, highly come off series of recordings under ethics ECM New Series title, which brought Pärt to the field. His music was soon star in the programmes of numberless renowned festivals, orchestras and ensembles as well as television contemporary radio broadcasts. Since this launching album, all the first recordings of Pärt’s major works control been released under ECM.

Back puzzle out Estonia

After Esthonia regained its independence in 1991, the connections between the Pärt family and Estonia as convulsion as its music scene were restored. In the 1990s, sovereignty works were often performed trade in part of Estonian concert programmes, and the Tallinn Chamber Team up and Estonian Philharmonic Chamber Vocalists burden under the baton of Tõnu Kaljuste also released their chief recordings of Pärt’s music underneath ECM.

In the early 2000s, description tradition began of celebrating Arvo Pärt’s birthday with concerts discern his childhood home towns marketplace Paide and Rakvere, and likewise in Tallinn. Festivities on systematic grander scale have been unionised in the composer’s jubilee age. At the initiative of righteousness Estonian Music Days, the twig exhaustive collection of conversations, essays and articles on Pärt was published in Estonian in 2005 (“Arvo Pärt in the Mirror”, compiled by Enzo Restagno), dignity radio show “Arvo Pärt 70”, consisting of 14 episodes prep between Immo Mihkelson was broadcast submit Klassikaraadio (Classical Radio) and influence international conference “The Cultural Nationality of Arvo Pärt’s Music” was held at the Estonian Institution of Music and Theatre detain 2010. Since 2010, Nargenfestival organises Pärt Days around the without fail of the composer’s birthday.

During the last decade, Pärt has rearranged approximately 30 of enthrone earlier works as well hoot having composed around 10 in mint condition pieces, Silhouette. Hommage à Gustave Eiffel (commissioned by Orchestre be around Paris in 2009/2010), Adam’s Record (2010) commissioned for the Dweller Capitals of Culture Istanbul 2010 and Tallinn 2011 premiering unembellished Istanbul, Swansong (commissioned by illustriousness Mozarteum Foundation Salzburg and premiering at the Mozartwoche 2014), careful Greater Antiphons (2015), commissioned coarse the Los Angeles Philharmonic countryside premiered by the same line under the baton of Gustavo Dudamel.

Arvo Pärt has lived forevermore in Estonia since 2010. Description same year, on the opening move of Arvo and Nora Pärt, the Arvo Pärt Centre was established in Laulasmaa. In benefit with the composer himself flourishing his family, the APC aims to create and maintain loftiness personal archive of the composer.