Mufti muhammad shafi biography of barack obama

Sunni Deobandi Islamic pupil (1897–1976)

This article is about authority Islamic scholar. For the public servant, see Muhammad Shafi (politician). the Olympic cyclist, see Muhammad Shafi (cyclist). For the Athletics sprinter, see Muhammad Shafi (athlete).

Muḥammad Shafī‘ ibn Muḥammad Yāsīn ‘Us̱mānī Deobandī (Urdu: محمد شفیع بن محمد ياسین عثمانی دیوبندی; Arabic: محمد شفيع بن محمد ياسين العثماني الديوبندي, Muḥammad Shafī‘ ibn Muḥammad Yāsīn al-‘Uthmānī ad-Diyūbandī; catchword. 25 January 1897 – 6 October 1976),^{[note 1]} often referred to since Mufti Muhammad Shafi, was expert PakistaniSunniIslamic scholar of the Deobandi school of Islamic thought.

A Hanafi jurist and mufti, noteworthy was also an authority awareness shari'ah, hadith, Qur'anic exegesis, put up with Sufism. Born in Deoband, Brits India, he graduated in 1917 from Darul Uloom Deoband, hoop he later taught hadith sports ground held the post of Knack Mufti. He resigned from authority school in 1943 to assign his time to the Pakistan Movement. After the independence forbidden moved to Pakistan, where purify established Darul Uloom Karachi fuse 1951. Of his written workshop canon, his best-known is Ma'ariful Qur'an, a commentary on the Qur'an.

Birth and early childhood

See also: Usmani family of Deoband § Miyānji Shukrullah

Muhammad Shafi, son of Muhammad Yasin, was born on 25 January 1897 (21 Sha'ban 1314 AH) in Deoband, British Bharat, to an Usmani family.^[1][2] Sharptasting was given the name "Muhammad Shafi" (محمد شفيع) by ruler father's sheikh, Rashid Ahmad Gangohi, though he was originally christian name "Muhammad Mubin" (محمد مبین) wishywashy his grandfather, Khalifah Tahsin Ali.^[2][3][4] Shafi grew up in exceptional religious environment. As a descendant he played in the curtilage of Darul Uloom Deoband jaunt sat in the company flash his father, who was a-okay teacher at the school.^[4]

Education

Aged fivesome, Shafi began memorizing the Qur'an with Muhammad Azim and Namdar Khan at the Darul Uloom.^[2][4][5] In 1907 or 1908 (1325 AH), he commenced the memorize of Urdu, Persian, mathematics other other subjects at Darul Uloom Deoband, which he completed in quod the next five years adorn the supervision of his father.^[1][2]

He studied arithmetic and Euclid stick up his uncle Munshi Manzur Ahmad and Quranic recitation from Muhammad Yusuf Miruthi. Along with seminar Shafi the Persian books, Maulana Yasin also instructed him replace the elementary Arabic books faux sarf (morphology), nahw (grammar), good turn fiqh (jurisprudence), up to Fusul-i Akbari, Hidayat an-Nahw, and Munyat al-Musalli.^[2]

In 1330 AH (1912)^[2][4] person 1331 AH (1913)^[5] Shafi was formally enrolled in the uppermost level Arabic classes of Darul Uloom Deoband. He did Daurah Hadith in 1335 AH (1916/1917) under the supervision of Anwar Shah Kashmiri, and completed realm education in 1336 AH (1917/1918).^[2][3][5] The teachers under whom Shafi formally studied included:^[2][4][5]

Among his organization was Anwar Shah Kashmiri, who was the school's head educator. Some of the books Shafi studied with him were Sahih al-Bukhari, Sahih al-Tirmidhi (with honourableness exception of a small part), at-Tirmidhi's Shama'il and 'Ilal, al-Falsafah al-'Arabiyah on modern philosophy, president Sharh an-Nafisi on medicine (tibb). Shafi was among Kashmiri's adjacent students, and Kashmiri would following select Shafi for assistance walk heavily refuting the Ahmadiyya Movement. Shafi studied Sahih Muslim and section of Hidayah with Shabbir Ahmad Usmani, whom he would after accompany in the movement in detail create Pakistan. With Mian Asghar Hussain Deobandi he studied honourableness hadith collections Sunan Abu Dawud, Sunan an-Nasa'i, and the indication of Sahih al-Tirmidhi. With Azizur Rahman, head of the Darul Uloom's Fatwa Department, Shafi simulated the Muwatta of Imam Malik in the transmission of Yahya ibn Yahya and the cry of ash-Shaybani, at-Tahawi's Sharh Ma'ani al-Athar, Tafsir al-Jalalayn, Mishkat al-Masabih, Ibn Hajar's Sharh Nukhbat al-Fikar, and Hisn-i Hasin. He hurt Sunan Ibn Majah with Ghulam Rasul Hazarwi. With Izaz Khalif Amrohi he studied all excellence books of literature, Maibazi's Sharh Hidayat al-Hikmah, at-Taftazani's Sharh al-'Aqa'id al-Nasafiyah, Ubayd Allah al-Mahbubi's Sharh al-Wiqayah, and some other treatises. With Maulana Muhammad Ibrahim recognized studied Sadra and Shams al-Bazighah.^[1][2]

After Daurah a few books tranquil remained, including Qazi, Mir Zahid, and Umur-i 'Ammah—these were fit in 1336 AH (1917/1918).^[2][5] Underside that year Shafi was very appointed to teach some lessons.^[1][2][5]

Career

Shafi began teaching at Darul Uloom Deoband in 1918 or 1919 (1337 AH).^[3][5] He taught primacy elementary level books of picture curriculum and eventually reached honesty level of Daurah Hadith.^[2][3] Dignity first book of Daurah in short supply that he was given was Muwatta Imam Malik, and type later taught other books. Con 1354 AH (1935/1936) he was entrusted with teaching Sunan Abu Dawud for some time propitious place of Maulana Asghar Husain. On Husain's request he was given this lecture permanently, tell off he taught it until smartness left Darul Uloom Deoband load 1943 (1362 AH). Shafi was regarded as an exceptional professor on many subjects, but glimmer of his lessons were swell famous—one was Sunan Abu Dawud, and the other was Maqamat al-Hariri in Arabic literature.^[2] Abaft leaving Darul Uloom Deoband, elegance taught Sahih al-Bukhari for a handful of months at Jamiah Islamiyah Dabhel, filling in for Maulana Shabbir Ahmad Usmani.^[2]

Shafi established Darul Uloom Karachi in 1951 (Shawwal 1370 AH). There he taught Sahih al-Bukhari for several years, sort well as Muwatta Malik perch Shama'il at-Tirmidhi. Whenever due apropos health or other responsibilities unwind was unable to teach prestige whole of Bukhari, then those years he would teach \'til the Book of Wudu, crucial other teachers would cover blue blood the gentry remainder. In the last three years of his life, unwind was bedridden and thus unqualified to teach regularly. However, respite the insistence of students refuse teachers, every year he tutored civilized the first lesson of Sahih al-Bukhari and the last information of the Sihah Sittah.^[2]

Fatawa, Rulings

Shafi frequently assisted Azizur Rahman Usmani, head of the school's fatwa department.^[1] Azizur Rahman resigned give birth to the Darul Uloom in 1344 AH (1925/1926). Others occupied say publicly post of Sadr Mufti (Chief Mufti) until the Majlis-e-Shura apply Darul Uloom Deoband appointed Shafi to the post on 28 Rabi al-Awwal 1350 AH (c. 13 August 1931).^{[2][3][note 2]} Pathway additions to undertaking the duties of fatwa-writing, Shafi also spread to teach some books take up hadith and tafsir.^[5]

In November 1932 (Rajab 1351), Shafi published precise tract entitled Nihayat al-arab fi ghayat an-nasab on caste. Birth weavers of the Deoband size (who were regarded as fine lower caste) revolted against honesty fatwa, and from early 1353 AH (1934/1935) to late 1354 AH (1935/1936) rallies were engaged and threats were made bite the bullet Shafi, in response to which a group of teachers took to acting as his bodyguards. Several scholars wrote or crosspiece in defense of the fatwa, including Shafi's shaikh Ashraf Kaliph Thanawi, Sayyid Asghar Husain, turf Husain Ahmad Madani. Due itch the controversy, Shafi asked equal be transferred to the tutorial department, a request that was eventually granted by the Majlis-e-Shura in Sha'ban 1354 AH (c. November 1935).^[2][3][6]

Shafi remained in birth teaching department over the following few years, during which bend in half other ulama held the upright of Sadr Mufti. On 25 Safar 1359 AH (c. 4 April 1940), Shafi was tailor-made accoutred to the office a alternate time.^[2][3] He held the publish until he left Darul Uloom Deoband in Rabi al-Awwal 1362 AH (March 1943).^{[1][2][note 3]}

Estimates replicate the number of fatwas roam he issued while at Darul Uloom Deoband range from 26,000^[3] to over 40,000. Some surrounding Muhammad Shafi's fatwas have back number published in eight large volumes titled Imdad al-Muftin, while authority majority remain unpublished.^[1]

Tasawuf

From an trustworthy age, Shafi frequently attended nobleness gatherings of Mahmud Hasan Deobandi. Then when Mahmud Hasan was imprisoned in Malta, Shafi consulted Ashraf Ali Thanawi. Mahmud Hasan returned to Deoband in June 1920 (20 Ramadan 1338 AH). In 1339 AH (1920) Shafi gave bay'at (allegiance) at wreath hand. However, Mahmud Hasan in a good way a few months later gesticulate 18 Rabi al-awwal AH (November 1920). Shafi returned to Thanawi after Mahmud Hasan's death. Sky Rabi ath-thani 1349 AH (1930) he received ijazat-i bay'at (permission to take disciples) and khilafah (spiritual successorship).^[1][2]

Pakistan Movement

When the All-India Muslim League was formed swing by campaign for the creation gradient a separate Muslim state, Ashraf Ali Thanvi instructed all Muslims, including scholars, to support that campaign. Shafi and other scholars, including Zafar Ahmad Usmani, married the Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam, a mother of parliaments of Islamic scholars formed fail to see Shabbir Ahmad Usmani to crusade for the creation of Pakistan. In 1363 AH (1944) Muhammad Shafi resigned from teaching mushroom issuing fatwas at Darul Uloom Deoband in order to honor his time to the step up for the creation of Pakistan. He toured India, gave speeches, and issued fatwas for that purpose.^[1]

Migration to Pakistan

In 1948 (1367 AH), after the partition neat as a new pin India, Shafi migrated from Deoband to Pakistan. He founded Darul Uloom Karachi in 1370 AH (1950/1951). He died on 10 Shawwal 1396 (6 October 1976).^[1]

Life in Pakistan

He remarked that probity various educational systems that came into being under the Land rule – traditional Madrasahs, spearheaded by Deoband, and modern schools, spearheaded by Aligarh – must be integrated thus balancing class religious and worldly dimensions selected knowledge and nurturing.^[7]

He avoided disputes at all costs and inspire occasion, he even gave be a magnet for land allocated to him offspring the government of Pakistan respect build a Madrasah, just picture avoid a dispute that has arisen in the process.^[8]

Works

He wrote around one hundred books explaining the Quran and interpreting Islamic law.

His best-known and outdo widely translated work is nobility Ma'ariful Qur'an ("The Wisdom be keen on the Quran"), which he fully developed (in Urdu) four years heretofore his death.^[9] This work, elegant commentary on the entire Quran, began as a series touch on weekly lectures on Radio Pakistan that ran for ten years.^[9]

Notes

External links

References